In the lower Primates, although the radius and ulna are always quite separate, the power of pronation and supination is not nearly so great as in the higher forms.
In inversion the medial edge of the foot is drawn up so that the sole looks towards the middle line of the body, an attitude which is analogous to supination of the hand.
When exuberant callus forms between the bones in fractures of the forearm, pronation and supination may be interfered with (Fig.
The displaced head usually passes forward, and rests on the anterior edge of the capitellum, thus preventing complete flexion and supination of the limb.
In patients who cannot walk, ataxia may be tested by ordering repeated pronation and supination of the forearm.
The movements of the head of the radius are best detected by pressing the thumb of one hand into the depression below the lateral epicondyle, while movements of pronation and supination are carried out by the other hand.
If union takes place in this position, the power of complete supination is permanently lost.
Synostosis of the superior radio-ulnar joint# is a rare congenital condition, in which the hinge movements at the elbow are free, but supination is impossible; an attempt may be made by operation to form a new joint.
In some cases the callus fuses the two bones across the interosseous space, and pronation and supination are rendered impossible.
We know that, in this case, the epicondyle is exposed, because the muscles which mask it in supination (long supinator and long radial extensor) are displaced and set it free during flexion.
In animals in which the bones of the forearm are separate--that is to say, susceptible of supination and pronation--we find a more close resemblance to those of the human skeleton.
It assists in turning the radius outwards and placing it in front of the ulna, the movement of supination being capable of being but little further extended.
Thus, the bear (plantigrade) has five digits, and the power of performing the movements of supination and pronation.
The muscles of the calf and the adductors of the foot are contracted, and hence there is not only elevation of the heel, but a peculiar inward twist of the foot, analogous to supination of the hand.
The position of the hand is towards pronation, supination cannot be performed, and, on attempting it, great pain is occasioned.
Pronation and supination were almost impossible, as well as extension of the hand and fingers and abduction of the thumb.
Supination could not be executed completely to the extent of 15 degrees; there was no R.
November 3, the little finger had recovered, but supination could not be completely executed.
The movements allowed at these three articulations are called pronation andsupination of the radius.
In most Mammals the wrist is divided into two lateral parts, as it is in the human foetus, but free pronation and supination seem to cause the disappearance of the septum.
It may be roughly stated that, when pronation and supination to the extent of a quarter of a circle are possible, an orbicular ligament appears.
The hand in supination gives intimation of the order.
By presenting the hand in pronation or supination horizontally, without spreading or folding the fingers, we shall have that attitude which signifies abandon.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "supination" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
