Water supplied to horizontal turbine wheels under moderate heads usually enters the station by penstocks on one side and leaves it by the tail-race on the other, but this is not true in every case.
Good construction puts the entrance ends of penstocks well below the surface of water in the forebay, so that they may receive the warmer water that contains little or no anchor ice.
At the entrance to penstocks or wheel chambers, steel racks with long, narrow openings, say one and one-quarter inches wide, are regularly placed to keep all floating objects away from the wheels.
The canal in this case ends on high ground 130 feet from the power-house, and the water passes down to the wheels through steel penstocks 9 feet in diameter.
Illustrations of practice along these lines, as to size, depth of forebay, and location of penstocks may be seen in many well-designed plants.
Such locations for stations are not limited to falls of any particular height, and the short penstocks usually enter the dam nearer its base than its top and pass to the station at only a slight inclination from the horizontal.
It is not uncommon to locate horizontal turbines in a room separate from that occupied by the generators to which they are direct-connected, in order to protect the latter from water in the event of a break in penstocks or wheel cases.
The typical water-power station with direct-connected units is thus a rather long, narrow building into which water enters on one side through penstocks and leaves on the other through tail-races.
Location of the generating station close to the foot of the dam at one end obviously avoids all expense for a canal and cuts the cost of penstocks down to a very low figure.
Penstocks for the electric station at Great Falls, on the Presumpscot River, whence energy is drawn for lighting and power in Portland, Me.
For such cases a canal may be cheaper than steel penstocks when the items of depreciation and repairs are taken into account.
Short penstocks pass from this supply pipe into the wheel section of the power-house, and the water after passing through the wheels flows out to the river between the masonry piers that support the twelve-foot pipe.
This station sets about forty feet in front of the forebay end of the dam, and two penstocks enter the rear wall, while the other two enter one each through two of the remaining opposite sides.
There are sluices orpenstocks by which the supply can be cut off when necessary.
I've only to give the word and the penstocks on the river will be cut so you can't repair them.
The mining of the penstocks had been completed, and left ready to be blown sky high at a moment's notice.
There's a heap to be done that way if we're to start layin' the penstocks down on that side next year.
There's going to be no penstocks set up this side of the water next year--as far as I'm concerned.
The penstocks are brought down under the wheels and are made to discharge their waters upward into the boxes.
These penstocksterminate at the bottom in wheel boxes, in which are placed the bronze turbine wheels, connected with the surface by means of steel shafts parallel to the penstocks.
An extra faucet in one of the penstocks at the ends of the vats, inserted high enough from the floor to set a pail under, will supply all the necessary water for cleaning and other purposes.
The water should be carried in pipes under the building, along by the ends of the vats where it is wanted, with penstocks rising from the pipe, to furnish water for each vat.
In freezing weather, and during the winter, the penstocks in the factory can be removed, until needed for use, and the holes in the pipe beneath plugged up.
The outlet to this should be a few inches higher than the faucets in the penstocks for supplying the vats with water.
The faucets in the penstocks should be all of the same hight--if any difference is made, the one farthest from the head might be a quarter or half an inch the lowest.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "penstocks" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
